基于强化局部特征的3D点云分类与分割网络

在点云的处理过程中，许多深度学习网络未能充分考虑局部点之间的复杂关系，导致大量空间几何信息丢失。针对该问题，提出了一个强化局部特征的网络，用于点云的目标分类和语义分割。该网络通过设计编码单元对点的多方向信息进行编码；通过注意力机制学习采样分组后形成局部点云的特征。同时提出了一种新的多维损失函数，结合使用交叉熵损失函数与中心损失函数作用于分类任务。在数据集ModelNet40和ScanNet上进行了大量实验，结果表明：该网络在点云的目标分类和语义分割任务上表现出较好的性能。     

波动方程在半无穷柱体和外部区域上的空间爆破和衰减性

利用能量分析的方法, 首先考虑定义在三维半无穷柱体上的波动方程, 当空间变量趋于无穷时, 证明其解或者指数式增长或者指数式衰减; 其次, 考虑定义在球面外部区域上的波动方程, 证明其解随半径的二择一结果； 最后, 证明对于非线性弹性方程, 二择性定理仍有效.     

基于生成对抗网络的半监督图像语义分割

提出了一种基于生成对抗网络的语义分割模型,包括一个全卷积语义分割网络以及一个判别网络,其中语义分割网络负责生成与输入图像对应的语义分割图,判别网络负责检测分割图与真实标签的区别,以促使分割网络改进分割效果。为了更好的提取全局结构信息,语义分割网络中采用了金字塔池化模块,对不同规模的空间区域进行池化操作。另外,为了应对语义分割训练数据集人工标注成本过高的问题,利用判别网络生成伪标签协助语义分割网络进行训练,从而实现了半监督训练效果。模型在PASCAL VOC2012数据集中进行了测试,结果表明该模型在全监督和半监督条件下均优于已有方法。     

线性区域数量与PLNN表达能力的相关性

使用分段线性激活函数的神经网络(PLNN)在机器学习中得到广泛应用.本文给出了一种PLNN模型表达能力的度量值——线性区域数量，并给出了线性区域的数学表示.分析了线性区域之间的关系并计算合并后的线性区域数量，同时给出一种基于Z曲线的线性区域数量的计算方法.针对一个任务实例进行分析，计算不同网络结构的线性区域数量及合并后的线性区域数量，分析了线性区域数量与不同网络结构的准确性的关联.结果表明，线性区域数量能够表现PLNN模型的表达能力，对于选择网络超参数及解释模型边界具有研究意义.     

两相区轧制后淬火引入马氏体降低钢板屈强比

晶粒细化和分裂增韧可使两相区轧制的层状超细晶钢板具有高强度同时韧性优异.前期研究发现轧后空冷生成的层状超细晶钢板，存在屈强比偏高的问题，高达0.9.本研究通过轧后淬火在层状超细晶组织中引入马氏体的方法降低屈强比.研究发现，在750℃和810℃轧制后淬火，层状超细晶组织中可生成体积分数约为14%的马氏体.此部分马氏体使拉伸过程中呈现连续屈服行为，提高加工硬化率，使钢板的屈强比降至0.7以下，解决了屈强比偏高的问题.此外，实验钢在具有高强度的同时，韧性优良.     

Seven new species of the genus Pseudostegana (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from South-west China,with DNA barcoding information

Seven new species of the genus Pseudostegana are discovered from South China: P. latiapicula sp. nov., P. nannanae sp. nov., P. bingxueae sp. nov., P. husaensis sp. nov., P. linyongi sp. nov., P. montipagana sp. nov., and P. sigangli sp. nov.; the first two new species belong to the P. latiparma species group, and the rest belong to the P. zonaria species group. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with BOLD Process ID and GenBank accession numbers are provided for the seven new species and 10 known species from southern China: P. acutifoliolata Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. angustifasciata Chen and Wang, 2005, P. bifasciata Chen, Toda and Wang, 2005, P. bilobata Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. insularis Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. latifasciata Chen, Toda and Wang, 2005, P. minutipalpata; P. nitidifrons Chen and Wang, 2005, P. pallidemaculata Chen and Wang, 2005 and P. silvana. Intra- and interspecific pairwise Kimura’s two-parameter (K2P) distances among these species are summarised. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C01D7920-61AD-4651-8861-9D76C3CD86F6     

A Time‐Simultaneous Prediction Box for a Multivariate Time Series

A sample‐based method in Kolsrud (Journal of Forecasting 2007; 26 (3): 171–188) for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series is extended to produce a variable‐ and time‐simultaneous prediction box for a multivariate time series. A measure of distance based on the L_∞ ‐norm is applied to a learning sample of multivariate time trajectories, which can be mean‐ and/or variance‐nonstationary. Based on the ranking of distances to the centre of the sample, a subsample of the most central multivariate trajectories is selected. A prediction box is constructed by circumscribing the subsample with a hyperrectangle. The fraction of central trajectories selected into the subsample can be calibrated by bootstrap such that the expected coverage of the box equals a prescribed nominal level. The method is related to the concept of data depth, and thence modified to increase coverage. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the method, which is also compared to several other methods in the literature adapted to the multivariate setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rediscovery of Disepyris semiruber (Kieffer) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in Southern Africa,with first description of the male

Holepyris semiruber Kieffer is redescribed and illustrated based on freshly collected specimens. Holepyris semiruber var. striatipleura Kieffer is considered a colour variant of this species and therefore a junior synonym of H. semiruber syn. nov. This species is transferred to Disepyris, D. semiruber (Kieffer) comb. nov., based on the possession of a short 2r-rs&Rs vein in the fore wing and presence of long flat spine-shaped setae on the outer (posterior) surface of the protarsi. The male is described for the first time from new specimens collected in South Africa. This species is recorded for the first time from Namibia and Zimbabwe. All photographs are available on www.waspweb.org.     

基于l1范数主成分分析的极化SAR图像变化检测

为提高极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)图像变化检测算法的鲁棒性以及检测精度,提出基于范数主成分分析(linorm principal component analysis,l1-PCA)模型的变化检测算法。首先,采用基于Hotelling-Lawley复矩阵迹变化检测算子构造差异图;其次,采用l1-PCA模型获取差异图的变化信息,使得每个像素以一个特征向量来表示;最后,使用k-means算法对变化信息进行聚类,得到变化检测结果。该方法是一种非监督变化检测方法,相比于基于2范数的PCA检测方法,l1-PCA在特征提取方面具有更高的鲁棒性,并且可以进一步提高变化检测精度。基于RADARSAT-2卫星获取的3幅图像进行的实验结果表明,相较于其他两种典型算法,所提算法更加稳定,精确度更高。     

Revalidation of Obidosus Roewer, 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewer, 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

The penial and tarsal morphology of Protimesius is studied and morphological data support the revalidation of Obidosus with the subsequent new combinations (20 species) and restored combinations (two species). Emended diagnoses are proposed for both genera, and two cave-dwelling new species of Protimesius are described and illustrated: P. lucifer sp. nov. (Pará state) and P. orcus sp. nov. (Ceará state). An identification key to the species of Protimesius and distributional maps of Obidosus and Protimesius are provided.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C4E9C04D-A646-41E4-AE59-B6D0C951DEAB